Changes in tone color create variety and contrast Tone colors add a sense of continuity Specific melodies with specific tone colors Unlimited variety of tone colors Composers frequently blend sounds of instruments to create new tone colors Modern electronic technique create new tone colorsħ listening outlines, vocal music guides, and properties of sound Related to amplitude of vibration producing sound Changes in dynamics may be sudden or gradual Accent: tone played louder than tones near it Italian terms used to indicate dynamics Extremes: ppp, pppp, fff, ffff Crescendo: gradually louder Decrescendo (diminuendo): gradually softerĦ tone color (timbre) Quality that identifies an instrument’s soundĬan be bright, dark, mellow, etc. Our world is filled with sounds Sounds can be pleasant or unpleasant Humans are able to focus on specific sounds We can ignore sounds that do not interest us Sound Begins as a result of vibrating object Transmitted through a medium: air Causes our eardrums to vibrate Impulses sent to brain for processing MUSIC: organization of sounds in time Four main categories of musical sounds ĭetermined by frequency of vibration Fast vibration = high pitch slow vibration = low pitch Generally, smaller vibrating objects = higher pitches In music, definite pitch is a tone Tones have specific frequencies e.g., 440 cycles (vibrations) per second = A) Irregular vibrations create sounds of indefinite pitch Interval: distance between 2 tones Octave: doubling/halving of frequency Tones an octave apart seem to blend together Western music divides octave into 12 tones Nonwestern music may divide into different number Range: distance between voice or instrument’s highest & lowest possible tones active listening Perceptive listening enhances enjoyment Knowledge of musical elements enhances perception Provides entertainment and emotional release accompanies activities Heard everywhere in modern life Recorded music is a 20th-century innovation Internet access Portable audio Live performance: special excitement Experience affected by emotional state of both performer and audience Evaluating music performances Background music vs.
1 Music: An Appreciation, Brief, 8th edition | Roger Kamien
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